Another set of categories uses representative elements, transition metals, and Rare Earths (or Inner Transition metals).
The classification of the d10 elements of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury varies a bit by author. Each classification scheme has its uses and strengths. Examine this site for basic information on these classifications, and characteristics of each group. Please note that semi-metals are also called metalloids.
Several groups or families on the periodic table have a common name for the family rather than just a group number. Group 1 (IA) elements are commonly termed the Alkali Metals (hydrogen is not included in this family). The group 2 (IIA) elements are termed the Alkaline Earth elements. Group 17 (VIIA) are known as the Halogens, group 18 (0) are the Noble Gases. At one time other groups were also given names, the oxygen group was once commonly known as the Chalcogens, this name has largely died out except as connected to a few minerals such as chalcocite (Cu2S).
Just as with human families the members of chemical families are not identical, there will always be a change in the physical properties from the top of the column to the bottom. Chemical reactions will produce compounds with much the same formula, but the rate and energetics of the reactions will vary. The second period elements will be the most different in each group. This may be due to the smaller radii and less shielding by the inner electrons.
