While the mathematical treatment in this discussion of the expanding universe is too complex for this course, a qualitative discussion of the role of possible nucleon quantum to iron, nuclear fusion by tunneling, and quantum tunneling to black holes in the expanding universe is used to answer questions about the entropy and free energy of the universe. Questions tackled are:

1. "How can the observed evolution of organized structures from chaos be reconciled with the second law of thermodynamics?
2. Quantitatively, what are the main sources of entropy increase in the universe?
3. Will the heat death eventually occur. and if so in what form?
4. If the heat death does not occur, is sufficient free energy available to maintain life forever? "