The development of atomic theory has created many historical figures. They include:

• Becquerel, Antoine Henri
• Bohr, Niels
• Chadwick, James
• Compton, Arthur Holly
• Coolidge, William David
• Curie, Pierre & Marie
• Edison, Thomas Alva
• Evans, Robley
• Failla, Gioacchino
• Fermi, Enrico
• Hahn, Otto
• Hess, Victor F.
• Joliot-Curie, Jean Frédéric & Irène
• Lawrence, Ernest O.
• Meitner, Lise
• Muller, Hermann Joseph
• Parker, Herbert
• Quimby, Edith
• Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad
• Rutherford, Ernest
• Seaborg, Glenn
• Thomson, Joseph John
• von Hevesy, George